Quantum promises improvements to a huge range of technology, including:
- More reliable, tamper-proof navigation and timing systems.
- More secure communications that signal when data is intercepted.
- More accurate imaging, from brain scanners to autonomous car sensors that see around corners.
- More powerful computing to handle more data, faster.
Some of these applications, like quantum computing, are a long way off. But others could be reality within a year or two. The use of these quantum technologies could simply be an evolution, or it could be truly disruptive.
That’s why you need to understand what quantum technology is, what impact it could have and what opportunities it could offer. You might decide to exploit the opportunities right away, you might decide to watch and wait, or you could investigate and decide that quantum won’t affect your industry. But ignoring it isn’t an option.
The word “quantum” will probably summon up images of Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein. And yes, it is about sub-atomic physics. But you don’t need to grapple too much with the actual science, in the same way that you don’t need to grapple with how a semiconductor works to understand the potential of a smartphone. It’s enough to know that it’s about harnessing what is happening inside atoms.Technology based on quantum physics has been in our lives for 50 years, whether it’s nuclear power or those semiconductors in our computers and phones. The difference now is that scientists can understand and control the inner workings of atoms more closely. And they can do it in ways that have commercial applications.
The two biggest areas they are working on are (here comes the science) entanglement and superposition.
Quantum entanglement
This is the principle that two atoms can still be connected, or entangled, after they have been separated. And if you change one of them, you affect the properties of both.
One possibility this opens up is a new kind of encryption key for more secure communications. A little like the seal on a jam jar, the key would clearly reveal if data is interfered with after sending.
Quantum superposition
This is the idea that particles or objects can be in two states at once. Scientists have long understood that electrons can exist as particles and waves, but now they can slow the movement of atoms almost to “absolute zero”.
These “cold atoms” are highly sensitive to motion and magnetic fields. And that, in turn, opens the way to much more accurate sensors and navigation systems.
Investing in quantum technology
The UK government has invested about £400m in its quantum initiative, with a large proportion going to four university “hubs”. It also recently launched an inquiry into the opportunities of quantum technology. The aim is to make the UK a leader in the field through research and quickly creating practical applications for new discoveries.
The businesses with the keenest eye for the opportunity will look to team up with these universities to commercialise their research. To do that, they need to assess what quantum technology means for them and their sector, and understand its applications to build an investment case.
Quantum technology for business guide: Download the guide
This article was first published in Computer Weekly, written by Paul Martin, PA's quantum technology expert