Pirate utopias: a history of digital distribution

How the ‘Hacker ethic’ almost killed the music industry, then helped save it, but might spell the end of ownership as we know it.

Anything you’ve bought from iTunes or Xbox Arcade, for example, you don’t own and you never will
-James Allen-Robertson

In 2005, Sony went too far. In an attempt to control the illegal digital spread of music, they placed a ‘rootkit’ bug in all music CDs that automatically buried itself in a customer’s home computer on disc insertion.

This bug, only hinted at in terms and conditions which presumed compliance, monitored and reported on the personal use of the purchased music files - a covert invasion of the privacy of anyone buying a CD from one of the music industry’s major players.       

As programmer Mark Russinovich - who uncovered the bugging strategy - pointed out: such techniques are more often affiliated with those looking to compromise a computer’s security. In the fog of desperation gripping an industry that could no longer see its own future, a global conglomerate turned hacker. Class action lawsuits were filed and Sony were forced to recall products and issue software to remove the bugs in what became a PR nightmare.

Read the full story


Image: Anonymous

Credit: Poster Boy NYC from Flickr



Reproduced courtesy of the University of Cambridge
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